【只用that不用who的八种情况】在英语语法中,关系代词“that”和“who”都可用于引导定语从句,但在某些情况下,只能使用“that”,而不能使用“who”。了解这些规则有助于提高语言表达的准确性。以下是常见的“只用that不用who”的八种情况总结。
一、
1. 当先行词是不定代词时:如“everything, something, nothing, anything”等,此时只能用“that”。
2. 当先行词是疑问代词时:如“who, what, which”等,如果从句中作宾语,通常用“that”。
3. 当先行词是整个句子时:表示整个主句内容时,用“that”引导。
4. 当先行词被最高级或序数词修饰时:如“the best, the first, the last”等,用“that”更合适。
5. 当先行词是人和物的混合时:既有人又有物时,只能用“that”。
6. 当从句中有“or”连接两个并列成分时:如“who or that”结构中,用“that”。
7. 当先行词是“the one”时:表示“唯一的一个”,用“that”。
8. 当从句中省略了关系代词时:若从句中不出现关系代词,通常用“that”。
二、表格对比
| 情况 | 先行词类型 | 是否可用“who” | 是否可用“that” | 示例 |
| 1 | 不定代词(everything, something) | ❌ | ✅ | Everything that he said is true. |
| 2 | 疑问代词(who, what) | ❌ | ✅ | The question that you asked was difficult. |
| 3 | 整个句子 | ❌ | ✅ | That he passed the exam surprised everyone. |
| 4 | 最高级/序数词(the best, the first) | ❌ | ✅ | This is the first time that I have seen it. |
| 5 | 人和物混合 | ❌ | ✅ | The man and the dog that were lost were found. |
| 6 | “or”连接两个成分 | ❌ | ✅ | Who or that can help me?(实际常用“who or whom”) |
| 7 | “the one” | ❌ | ✅ | She is the one that I met yesterday. |
| 8 | 省略关系代词 | ❌ | ✅ | The book (that) I borrowed is interesting. |
通过掌握这些规则,可以更准确地判断何时使用“that”而避免误用“who”。在实际写作和口语中,灵活运用这些规则能显著提升语言的自然度与准确性。


